Devonport Barry27 MNZ20 Nov 196211hrs 20minsN-S
16 Nautical Miles
Immense Tidal Flows
Icy Water Temperatures
The best-known marathon courses in New Zealand are Cook Strait, Foveaux Strait and Lake Taupō.
Cook Strait
Cook Strait, 22.5 kilometres across, has always been the biggest challenge because of its treacherous tides and weather patterns. Following the first, and unsuccessful, attempts by R. G. Webster and Lily Copplestone in 1929, various people tried but failed to conquer it. The first successful crossing was made by Barrie Devenport on 20 November 1962. American Lynne Cox was the first woman to cross, on 4 February 1975. The first non-stop double crossing was made by Phillip Rush on 13 March 1984. The current time record is held by Denise Anderson, who swam the strait on 20 January 1986 in five hours four minutes
Determination
Some marathon swimmers experienced many failures before succeeding on a course. A classic example is Sandra Blewett, who attempted Cook Strait five times before conquering it in 1984. She credited her eventual success to sheer persistence, saying ‘I just kept plugging along.
Marathon swimmers often get very hungry, but solid food is not always practical. Barrie Devenport kept himself going on a mixture of vitamins and orange juice from a baby’s bottle on his epic 1962 Cook Strait swim,
Hinepoupou
The earliest known open water swim in New Zealand was that of Hinepoupou, a woman of the Ngāti Kuia tribe, who lived in the mid-18th century.
Early one morning her husband and his brother set off by canoe from Kapiti Island, off the west coast of the North Island, to Rangitoto (D’Urville) Island in the Marlborough Sounds, abandoning Hinepoupou. Bravely, she decided to swim across Raukawa (Cook Strait) to her father’s home on Rangitoto. She took advantage of the tides, and she rested on rocks and islands along the way. On the way she was accompanied by a guardian dolphin called Kahurangi. The swim took her three days. After arriving safely, Hinepoupou planned revenge on her husband and his brother. They were taken by her father to a fishing ground she had discovered on her swim. While they were busy fishing, Hinepoupou said a karakia (incantation). A storm came up and her husband and his brother drowned.
In the wake of Hinepoupou
In 1990, six swimmers, including former Cook Strait champions Phillip Rush, Donna Bouzaid, Karen Bisley and Perry Cameron, and Christine Harris and Kaine Thompson, retraced the likely course of Hinepoupou’s legendary swim as a relay. It took four days for the team to complete the swim. Keeping to the route was made particularly difficult by the strait’s notoriously complex tides.
Swimming for dear life
On occasion open water swimming could be a matter of life or death. In 1831 Whakarua-tapu of Ngāi Tahu was a captive on a canoe of the Ngāti Toa leader Te Rauparaha. As the canoe neared the North Island he leapt overboard and swam back to the South Island.
At Gallipoli in 1915, during the First World War, the future governor-general, Bernard Freyberg, heroically swam ashore from a troopship to light diversionary flares at Bulair. He won a medal for this feat of stamina, foreshadowed a few years earlier when he swam 22.5 kilometres along New Zealand’s Waihou River.
Competitive swimming
Open water distance swimming in New Zealand as a sport dates from the early 20th century, but it was especially popular from the 1960s to the 1980s. There have been solo and group attempts on major courses, such as Cook Strait, and competitions between a number of swimmers. In the late 1970s and early 1980s national open water competitions involved a series of events around the country. In the early 2000s regular open water swims were held by the New Zealand Masters Swimming Association.
Long-distance and marathon swimming
Open water distance swimming differs from other swimming competitions. It is a trial of endurance where swimmers pit themselves against a force of nature – a river, lake or ocean. There are risks: the swimmer is exposed to tides, rips, waves and bad weather; to dangerously cold temperatures; and to hazards such as jellyfish and sharks. And although some swims are races against others, often the swimmer is alone in the water for many hours, battling exhaustion while competing against the clock.
Physical requirements
To be successful, open water swimmers must be able to withstand hours in very cold temperatures. People with short arms and legs, large trunks and well-distributed body fat seem best equipped for this. The metabolic capacity to maintain an even body temperature is helpful. Swimmers must be physically fit and follow a training programme that may include running as well as swimming. And although speed is important, stamina and the determination to keep going against all odds are vital attributes.
International regulations
Open water swimming is an international sport governed by the Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA). Its rules define long-distance swims as those up to 10 kilometres, and marathon swims as those over 10 kilometres.
For a swim to be internationally recognised the swimmer must be unassisted, although a support crew will accompany him or her by boat. Swimming gear must consist of a non-thermal costume that does not cover the arms or legs, a cap, goggles and grease.
Some famous overseas courses like the English Channel have been swum by New Zealanders such as Meda McKenzie, just as swimmers from other countries have tackled New Zealand courses.
Retracing Hinepoupou’s swim (1st of 2)
In 1990 a team of six swimmers retraced Hinepoupou’s swim as a relay over four days. Here, Donna Bouzaid swims the last stage, across Admiralty Bay in the Marlborough Sounds. An inflatable craft and support vessel are in the background, with helpers including coach Tony Keenan. The support crew plays a vital role in any open water swim: making decisions on the route according to changing tides and weather; providing food and medical attention; and offering all-important encouragement to the swimmer.
Preparing to swim
Open water swimmers are not allowed to wear thermal swimming costumes. To protect themselves from the cold, which can be lethal, they coat their bodies with grease, such as lanolin. Here marathon swimmer Phillip Rush is being covered with grease before his successful double crossing of Lake Taupō in January 1985.
A swimmer in trouble
Cold and exhaustion often overcome long-distance swimmers, especially if they have been in the water for many hours. This photograph shows Anna Taylor being dragged from Cook Strait, suffering from severe hypothermia, after an attempted crossing in February 1999. When she was lifted from the water she had been fighting strong tides for 12.5 hours, and was only 600 metres from her destination.
Whales, Dolphins and Turtles:
The ocean has always been the dominant force for the Maori people who traveled huge distances in their long canoes and lived on the bounty of the tropical waters. They had a great respect for the creatures on the sea and in particular dolphins and whales.
The whale with its great size and obvious intelligence played an important part in the culture of the Maori people. They were often represented as an example of family love with mother and calf always side by side and touching at every opportunity.
Beached whales were treasured as gifts from the gods. They were particularly prized for the bone which after several years of curing was used to carve ornate jewelry and art works, often passed down for many generations.
A dolphin is s symbol of playfulness, harmony and friendship while the turtle is the sign of a navigator.
Hei-Matau:
These very stylised fish hooks represent strength, prosperity,abundance, fertility and a great respect for the sea.
It also is said to provide good luck and safety when traveling over water so is often worn by travelers.
Hei-Matau are also symbols of power and authority which are held in great reverence by the Maori people.
They were used as a practical tool for fishing and were often decorated as a sign of respect for the creatures of the sea.
There are many styles of Hei-Matau from the true hook designs to the more ornamental styles which became treasured heirlooms for generations following.
References:
"http://www.teara.govt.nz/EarthSeaAndSky/RecreationSeaAndSky/OpenWaterSwimming/3/ENZ-Resources/Standard/1/en#breadcrumbtop" http://www.teara.govt.nz/EarthSeaAndSky/RecreationSeaAndSky/OpenWaterSwimming/3/ENZ-Resources/Standard/1/en#breadcrumbtop
"http://www.teara.govt.nz" http://www.teara.govt.nz
"http://boneart.co.nz/meanings.htm" http://boneart.co.nz/meanings.htm
"http://www.cookstraitswim.org.nz/services.htm" http://www.cookstraitswim.org.nz/services.htm